The NFE scheme is run by the state governments, which set up NFE centres. The scheme, however, can provide grants to Voluntary Agencies (VAs), which can run these NFE centres on behalf of the governments. The Programme of Action (POA) 1992 has developed strategies for running the NFE scheme. They are as follows:
a. Setting up of NFE centres based on a micro-planning exercise carried out for Universal Elementary Education.
b. Community participation by involving them in setting up of the centre, identification of instructor and supervision of NFE centre.
c. Efforts to evolve different models of NFE programme for different target groups.
d. Adequate training and orientation of NFE instructors.
e. Linking the formal school to facilitate lateral entry of the learners from NFE stream.
f. Efforts to link non-formal courses with formal schools.
g. Adoption of learner-centred approach in such a way that the learning levels for the learners are equivalent to the formal system.
ii. Operation Blackboard:
The scheme of Operation Blackboard was launched in 1987 in pursuance of National Policy of Education—Programme of Action, to provide minimum essential facilities to all primary schools in the country. This is a large operation and was launched after the external evaluation of the scheme had indicated that lack of training of teachers in using the teaching material, and lack of uniform facilities, which are provided without modification, according to local needs were found to be some of the drawbacks of implementation of the scheme.
The Operation Blackboard scheme contains the following three sub-schemes:
a. Continuation of ongoing Operation Blackboard to cover all the remaining primary schools, especially those in Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes areas;
b. Expanding the scope of Operation Blackboard to provide three teachers and three rooms to primary schools, wherever enrolment warrants them;
c. Expanding Operation Blackboard to upper primary schools to provide the following:
1. At least one room for each class/section
2. A Headmaster-cum-office room
3. Separate toilet facilities for girls and boys.
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