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Primary Education in India: Progress and Challenges

In recent decades India has made significant progress on access to schooling and enrollment rates in primary education but dropout rates and low levels of learning remain challenges for the state and central governments. Primary school enrollment in India has been a success story, largely due to various programs and drives to increase enrollment even in remote areas.

Kerala has become the first Indian state to achieve 100 percent primary education. The Vice-President of India, in January 2016, officially declared the 100 percent primary education status achieved by the state. Additionally, the quality of learning is a major issue and reports show that children are not achieving class-appropriate learning levels. Without immediate and urgent help, these children cannot effectively progress in the education system, and so improving the quality of learning in schools is the next big challenge for both the state and central governments.

• Expanding literacy to approximately three-quarters of the population in the 7–10 age groups by 2011, India has made progress in terms of increasing the primary education attendance rate over the years.
• As per the stats, around 29 percent of students in the 6 to 14 age group in the country receive private education.
• In India, 80 percent of all recognized schools at the elementary stage are government run or supported, thus, making it the largest provider of primary education in the country.
• Under the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009, education for children for 6 to 14 years of age or up to Class 8 has been made free by the government.